Understanding the Differences Between Human Variation and...

Human variation and race are two topics that are often confused with one another. Human variation is the broad spectrum of differences in human populations based on gene interaction and biological traits. Race is the grouping of human populations based on phenotypes and cultural backgrounds. For example, human variation can be the differences among people that occur from migration as well as adaptations to environmental challenges. Race, on the other hand, can be the categorization of a specific group of people based on how they look, what they believe in, and country of origin. Understanding the difference between the two terms is important because history shows that when the two are mistaken for one another, wrongful analysis’ are made, as the African-American Heart Failure Trial experiment demonstrates. Only people who personally believed that they were African-American were eligible to be a conduct in the experiment. The information drawn from this experiment could not be relied upon because in reality, anybody can self-identify themselves as African-American. Skin color has a very wide range of differences, each differing from the next on the spectrum by only a spec of difference. Physical anthropology and human biology have shown that the visible differences in phenotype can best be explained as the results of migration and long term adaptation to different climates. Genes of major effects, genes of minor effects, and adaptations to the environment are all hugeShow MoreRelatedRace: Social Categorization, Not Biological Essay1450 Words   |   6 PagesThe English term ‘race’ is believed to originate from the Spanish word raza, which means ‘breed’ or ‘stock’ (Race). People use race to define other groups, this separation of groups is based largely on physical features. Features like skin color and hair don’t affect the fundamental biology of human variation (Hotz). Race is truly only skin deep, there are no true biological separations between two ‘racial’ groups. Scientifically speaking, there is more variation between single local groups thanRead MoreThe Human Genome Project Essay examples1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Human Genome Project (HGP), an international scientific research project, has educated the public tremendously on various topics concerning DNA and genetics. This study has been beneficial to communities alike. As stated, the HGP sought to identify all the genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the three billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, store this information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, transfer related technologies to the private sector, and addressRead MoreThe American Dream : Who Are You?1396 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual will be treated due to public perception. For example, America is a growing world power that has strong social, economic and political influence on the world stage. It is this status symbol that many Americans identify with, irrespective of race, gender or sexual orientation. Identifying as American citizen creates an image of perceived wealth, power and intelligence perpetuated by media and misleading myths of the â€Å"American dream†. The American dream is an idealistic notion of freedom andRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Superstition During The Age Of Discovery Europeans1403 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Age of Discovery Europeans travelled to foreign lands and encountered different people who presented evident phenotypic variations. Authors like Malik (1996) suggest that racial prejudice and superstition were common and found in most ethnically homogenous, socially conservative communities of the time. During this period equality, reason and humanity were unknown ideas and people who spoke different languages, worshiped different God’s or had different skin complexion were treated withRead MoreThe Persuasive Account Of Race Through A Social Constructionist Lens1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe Persuasive Account of Race Through a Social Constructionist Lens During the late twenty-first century the academic focus recognised as the ‘critical philosophy of race’ was developed with the purpose of analysing the metaphysics of race. Scholars began to conceptualise ‘race’ with frameworks other than biological determinism due to scientific findings that proposed that race, as conceptualised as a biological fact, does not exist. To ground the social reality of race, theories of social constructionismRead MoreGenealogy Is The Study Of One s Ancestry And Genetic History1393 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy of one’s ancestry and genetic history. It helps us appreciate our ancestor’s lives, which may have been seemingly insignificant at the time. Genealogy helps us understand our habits and physical features. It also explains the unique genetic variations casted within us, and depicts a picture of how the culture we practice today came to be, it is not just history of events but our biological history that shaped u s. Many Bangladeshi origin people both in Bangladesh and those abroad identify themselvesRead MoreRacial Skepticism Is The Idea That Race, As A Biological1394 Words   |  6 Pagesthat race, as a biological category, does not exist. Population-level genetic studies have established that race is not discernable as a biological category through genetic variation between races, as genetic variation is higher within folk racial groups than between them. Folk racial groups are categories used on Census forms, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, and the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). In â€Å"When Socially Determined Categories Make Biological Realties: Understanding Black/WhiteRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act, High Stakes Testing776 Words   |  4 Pages 2011, p. 47). In this paper I will examine the origin of race, past and present educational opportunities and its effect on African-American males as they journey through the educational pipeline especially in mathematics. An examination of the sociohistorical and policy contexts under which African-Americans attained primary and secondary education reveals the struggle for educational attainment. It also reveals a deeper understanding of what is required to promote equitable change. FurthermoreRead MoreSocietal Impacts Of Genetic Study Of Intelligence1327 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen centered on phenotypic differences between races such as skin color. Also, there was a multitude of false information that was created by racism, for example, the claim that certain races have the predisposition to be less intelligent than others. In 1994, Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray published The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. This controversial bestseller differences between races and classes were the result of differences in inherited intelligenceRead MoreRacial Stereotypes And Racial Discrimination1550 Words   |  7 Pages It is common knowledge that the topic of race is being examined all over the world. Frequently, more efforts are made through formation of policies, enactment of laws, and abolition of practices to obliterate racial discrimination. The pace of success of this endeavor is being delayed by the media because the media constantly portrays race in an inappropriate and derogatory manner. A race as described by Yolanda. T. Moses is a group of people who share similar and unique characteristics, while

The Content Of Food And Beverage Advertisements Are...

A growing number of research has been committed to determine whether the content of food and beverage advertisements is influencing children’s mentality. Since advertising could be used as a vehicle for sharing knowledge and beliefs which may affect patterns of behavior. Children are like a blank canvas on which to paint a new life idea. Children like everyone else also consume nutrients through sight and hearing. Essentially, they are being influenced by unique environment variables, firstly from their family environment. These environmental variables are the center of enculturation, from which ideas, attitude and images are memorized. Cultural or norm behaviors are learnt through the clothing they wear and even the food they eat. Many researchers have condemned advertising for its effects on children’s food knowledge, preferences and food choice obviously, advertising does have an effect on children. Parents are realizing that, all television represents is an influent ial power for children. Television is a way the world can model negative behaviors for children to follow. Action and words are equally effectual and one must be careful of what one does or says for kids to emulate. A popular phrase â€Å"bad habits are easily made but hard to broke† is true of children, because it requires maturity and self-control to resist the negative behavior and model positive ones. Though television is not the only way children see and interact with the world, it counts for most of theShow MoreRelatedPropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 PagesPROPAGANDA By EDWARD L. BERNAYS 1928 CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. ORGANIZING CHAOS .................................................. THE NEW PROPAGANDA ............................................ THE NEW PROPAGANDISTS .... 9 19 32 47 62 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS BUSINESS AND THE PUBLIC .... PROPAGANDA AND POLITICAL LEADERSHIP 92 WOMENS ACTIVITIES AND PROPAGANDA . . . 115 121 135 141 150 PROPAGANDA FOR EDUCATION PROPAGANDA IN SOCIAL SERVICERead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesProfessor Hartley wrote Business Ethics: Violations of the Public Trust. Business Ethics Mistakes and Successes was published in 2005. He is listed in Who’s Who in America, and Who’s Who in the World. vii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface About the Author Chapter 1 Introduction PART I ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVENTURES Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Google: An Entrepreneurial Juggernaut Starbucks: A Paragon of Growth and Employee Benefits Finds Storms BostonRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagescustomer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and DisciplineRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesboth versions of the book) this increases the reader’s and tutor’s choice. For example, when deciding on material for Chapter 2, the case example, Global Forces and the European Brewing Industry, tests a reader’s understanding of the main issues inï ¬â€šuencing the competitive position of a number of organisations in the same industry with a relatively short case. For a case that permits a more comprehensive industry analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry could be used. However, if the purpose is more focusedRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagespeople affected. One of the challenges that HR management faces with organizational restructuring is dealing with the human consequences of change. The human cost associated with downsizing has been much discussed in the popular press: a survivor’s menta lity for those who remain, unfulfilled cost savings estimates, loss of loyalty, and many people looking for new jobs. Whereas many large firms have cut jobs by reducing their workforces, many smaller firms have continued to create jobs. This is particularlyRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesinformation on all Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http:/ /books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Italy Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents Preface Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Learning objectives The nature of marketing The management process Strategic decisions and the nature of strategy The marketing/strategy interface Summary xi xiiiRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesThe paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our grandchildren Annika, Jacob, Katherine, Madison, Magnus, and Molly Contents Illustrations . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments . The Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSubject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and IndividualRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagescm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and IndividualRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesof the academy and accounting practitioners. This book is dedicated to Michael Bromwich who it is hoped will continue to provide leadership to the global management accounting community. Alnoor Bhimani London School of Economics December 2005 CONTENTS ‘ FOREWORD Anthony Hopwood PREFACE Alnoor Bhimani CONTRIBUTORS 1. New measures in performance management Thomas Ahrens and Christopher S Chapman 2. Contract theory analysis of managerial accounting issues Stanley Baiman 3. Reframing management

Financial Accounting for Education and Research- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Accounting for Education and Research. Answer: Positive Accounting Theory is considered to be a common term for any concept that basically offers descriptive data in regards to the conduct of accountants. This theory is also a branch of hypothetical study in accounting that tries to make good predictions of the actual world activities and then interpret them to accounting relations (Frias, Rodriguez, Garcia, 2013). Positive Accounting Theorys basic purpose is to understand and forecast the selection of accounting procedures across different organizations. The difference that exists between normative accounting theory and positive accounting theory is that positive accounting theory is based objectivity and facts. This theory emphasizes on exploring the economic data and statistics at hand and delivering decisions based on the figures. Positive Accounting Theory also describes, predicts or explains what is happening in the world (Radebaugh, 2014). Consequently, the normative theory is basically subjective and intends to elucidate what the financial future must be for an investor or a business. As a result, normative accounting theory practices is a method of value decision that can present subjective ethics into accounting. Normative accounting theories also do not forecast the practices that are acceptable. The difference between agency theory and contracting theory is that agency theory enlightens the relationship that exists between agents and principles in a firm. This theory is apprehensive with resolving diverse issues that can occur in agency interactions due to unaligned goals or diverse aversion levels to risks (Bonin, 2013). On the other hand, contracting theory is considered to be a theory that researches how economic performers can build contractual measures basically in the presence of unequal data. A standard activity in the contract theory is to embody the decision maker conduct under definite numerical arrangements and then utilize an optimization process in order to ascertain ideal decisions. Agency costs are basically categorized into; Monitoring costs that are sustained when the principles try to restrict or monitor the agents actions (Tai, Chuang, 2014). Residual loss is considered to be cost sustained from divergent agents and principal interest regardless of the use of bonding and monitoring. Bonding costs are costs incurred by agents. Positive Accounting Theory has been largely criticized that it does not offer prescriptions and that the theory do not offer a way of improving the accounting activity. This theory has also been criticized that it has invalid assumptions that all activities are driven by a need to maximize the wealth of the shareholders. An efficient market is the market where the market price is considered to be an impartial estimation of the actual value of the project (Nisar, Hanif, 2012). The three forms of the market efficiency includes; Weak form effectiveness which suggests that the market is considered to be effectual reflecting all the data of the market. This hypothesis implies that the rate of return on the market must be autonomous and historical rates of returns have no effects on the future rates. Semi-strong efficiency denotes that the marketplace is effective thus replicating all publicly accessible information and data. This hypothesis undertakes that inventories adjust faster so as to fascinate new data of the market (Sewell, 2011). Strong form efficient market indicates that the market is effective and thus reflecting all the data both private and public and incorporates the semi strong and weak form market efficiency. Corporate Social Responsibility is considered to be a company initiative to assess and take responsibility for a firms effects on social and environmental wellbeing. This aspect generally applies to efforts that go beyond what may be needed by environmental protection group or regulators. Environmental issues that affect accounting includes; an economic environment that basically exerts an important influence on the financial reporting frameworks (Schneider, Schmidpeter, 2012). Political environment is another environmental issue that affects the accounting environment because financial reporting is usually affected by the manner in which a country organizes its economic relations. Legal and tax environment also have a direct influence on how accounting is regulated in the environment (Tai, Chuang, 2014). This issue has a significant impact on the development of accounting practices and standards. Social reporting is considered to be the practice of communicating the social and environmental influences of corporations economic activities to specific interests groups in community and the community altogether. Social accounting can be basically categorized into the following types; managerial, national social income accounting, social accounting in profit-making companies, financial social accounting in profit-making firms, social auditing and managerial or financial social accounting for profit-making companies (Iwata, Okada, 2011). Corporate accountability is considered to be the performance of a publicly traded firm in non-financial areas such as sustainability, social responsibility, and environmental performance. One of the factors that have led to the increased corporate social accountability is the subsequent campaigns that have been lobbied so as to force the companies to be socially responsible to the environment. Another factor is the increased concerns with responsible or ethical investing that has led to diverse forms providing these particular annual corporate accountability reports to their sponsors, financiers or regulators (Deegan, 2013). Diverse governments often play a significant role in regulating environmental issues globally. These governments often ensure that appropriate corporate social responsibility mechanisms have been utilized by the firm so as to reduce any negative effects to the public. These governments also ensure that firms operating in a particular region should offer social amenities such as hospitals, health care and clean water to the people living in the region as this will reduce the aspect of poverty among the society (Kabir, 2011). Governments also play a significant role in ensuring that these companies assist the local people to acquire employment opportunities as this aspect will basically reduce poverty among the citizens. Yes, I think that many companies in the world comply with the aspect of social reporting since it involves the process of communicating the social and environmental impacts of organizations economic activities to specific interests groups in society and also the society as a whole (Tai, Chuang, 2014). Social reporting is vital to the country since it will enhance the aspect of unity among the companies and the society. References Bonin, H. (2013).Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Frias?Aceituno, J. V., Rodriguez?Ariza, L., Garcia?Sanchez, I. M. (2013). The role of theboard in the dissemination of integrated corporate social reporting.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(4), 219-233. Iwata, H., Okada, K. (2011). How does environmental performance affect financialperformance? Evidence from Japanese manufacturing firms.Ecological Economics,70(9), 1691-1700. Kabir, H. (2011). Positive accounting theory and science. Nisar, S., Hanif, M. (2012). Testing weak form of efficient market hypothesis: Empiricalevidence from South-Asia.World Applied Sciences Journal,17(4), 414-427. Radebaugh, L. H. (2014). Environmental factors influencing the development of accounting objectives, standards and practices in Peru.The international Journal of Accounting Education and Research. Urbana,11(1), 39-56. Sewell, M. (2011). History of the efficient market hypothesis.RN,11(04), 04. Schneider, A., Schmidpeter, R. (2012). Corporate social responsibility.Verant wortliche Unter nehmens fhrung in der Praxis, Berlin ua. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117.

Should We Legalize Marijuana Essays - Cannabis, Herbalism

Should We Legalize Marijuana? Why Not? Naim Jones South Suburban Community College Author Note This paper was prepared for Sociology 101, Section 002, taught by Professor Richardson. Abstract Already, we have brought "back around" old styles of fashion and music. Now, as more of our generation begins to enter the political world we are seeing a change in policies that have held firm for almost a century. More specifically, we are seeing a change in the attitude toward marijuana and whether or not it should be legalized. During the time of illegalization of marijuana, the drug had a vastly negative feeling associated with it, which many people now believe to be inaccurate and unfair. Now that people are more informed, more connected and more vocal, the United States government should allow and even encourage more research of the dangers and addictive nature of the drug which will assuredly legalize medical use and possibly recreational use to be nefit the people and the economy greatly. This paper will discuss many topics pertaining to marijuana. It will begin by explaining the history of marijuana in this country. Then it will discuss public opinion of marijua na and reasons for that opinion. Next, it will dispel false rumors about the effects of marijuana. It will then talk about a few disadvantages of marijuana. After it will counter those disadvantages with several advantages of marijuana. Next, it will discuss Colorado and Washington State's situation since legalizing marijuana recreationally. It will then inform the reader of the other states pursuing legalization of marijuana in some degree. Finally , it will conclude with Arkansas's take on marijuana and efforts to get it passed medically. Cannabis is a plant that is grown in many places thr oughout the world. It is a fast- growing plant that requires only eight to twelve weeks to mature. It chokes out most other plants grown around it and has a resistant to all but eight out of one hundred known pests. Cannabis is grown for two main reasons; for industrial hemp and for marijuana. Industrial hemp includes the seeds, stems, roots and all other parts of Cannabis except for the dried leaves. It has over 50,000 different product applications including: paper, textiles, biodegradable plastics, construction, health food, and fuel. Marijuana is the dried leaves of Cannabis that contains high-l evels of THC and can be used for many medical issues. THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), is the chemical in marijuana that is also produced naturally within the human brain and controls the influence of pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement. With such a lengthy lis t of versatile uses comes many questions all stemming from the bigger question, "What can marijuana do for us?". The answer will become evident by responding to the following questions: What is the history of marijuana in America? How does the American public view marijuana? What are the cons of using marijuana? Are there benefits from using marijuana? What has happened to states that have already legalized pot? Throughout time the U.S. government has put many sanctions and ignorant beliefs about marijuana in to the mainstream view of the American public. Times have changed and problems need solving, the legalization of marijuana is the answer to more than just a few of America's problems. What is the history of marijuana in America? As early as the 1600's hemp has existed in America. Back then, colonial farmers were forced to grow hemp to send back to England to be used in rope, sails, and clothing. It was not until the late nineteenth century that marijuana became popular for its medicinal uses. After the Mexican Revolution of 1910 the United States started to get its first flood of Hispanic immigrants. These immigrants introduced the possibility of using marijuana recreationally. Smoking marijuana really began to take off in the years leading up to the Great Depression. Due to this unfortunate timing, and the connection to Hispanic immigrants' marijuana caught a lot of blame for the increased unemployment and violence in America. By 1931 twenty-nine states had made marijuana illegal and that only increased until America entered World War II in the 1941. Following the start of the war the Department of